Role of media and treatment on an SIR model

n this paper, the impact of awareness programs as well as treatment on an SIR model has been investigated. We assume that the whole population is divided into four compartments, named as susceptible (S), infected (I), aware susceptible (Sa) and recovered (R). Analytical findings and numerical simulations of the model show that if the exposure to the awareness program is high and adequate treatment is available, then the infection can be eliminated. Analysis of the model also depicts that if treatment is not available, then infection is high even if enough awareness is present. But in absence of awareness an infection can not be eliminated inspite of adequate treatment. Effective treatment can led to a diminished level of infection. Stability analysis of the model is investigated by using stability theory of differential equations. Further, numerical simulations are carried out to validate the analytical results

Modeling the dynamics of viral–host interaction during treatment of productively infected cells and free virus involving total immune response

Virus dynamics models are useful in interpreting and predicting the change in viral load over the time and the effect of treatment in emerging viral infections like HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B virus (HBV).We propose a mathematical model involving the role of total immune response (innate, CTL, and humoral) and treatment for productively infected cells and free virus to understand the dynamics of virus–host interactions. A threshold condition for the extinction or persistence of infection, i.e. basic reproductive number, in the presence of immune response (RI ) is established. We study the global stability of virus-free equilibrium and interior equilibrium using LaSalle’s principle and Lyapunov’s direct method. The global stability of virus-free equilibrium ensures the clearance of virus from the body, which is independent of initial status of subpopulations. Central manifold theory is used to study the behavior of equilibrium points at RI = 1, i.e. when the basic reproductive number in the presence of immune response is one. A special case, when the immune response (IR) is not present, has also been discussed. Analysis of special case suggests that the basic reproductive number in the absence of immune response R0 is greater than that of in the presence of immune response RI , i.e. R0> RI . It indicates that infection may be eradicated if RI  < 1. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the analytical results using MatLab and Mathematica

Dynamics of an SIR Model with Nonlinear Incidence and Treatment Rate

In this paper, global dynamics of an SIR model are investigated in which the incidence rate is being considered as Beddington-DeAngelis type and the treatment rate as Holling type II (saturated). Analytical study of the model shows that the model has two equilibrium points (diseasefree equilibrium (DFE) and endemic equilibrium (EE)). The disease-free equilibrium (DFE) is locally asymptotically stable when reproduction number is less than one. Some conditions on the model parameters are obtained to show the existence as well as nonexistence of limit cycle. Some sufficient conditions for global stability of the endemic equilibrium using Lyapunov function are obtained. The existence of Hopf bifurcation of model is investigated by using Andronov-Hopf bifurcation theorem. Further, numerical simulations are done to exemplify the analytical studies

Medicinal Potential of Camel Milk Lactoferrin

Camel milk is a rich source of protein with well-recognized medicinal properties to treat various diseases. The objective of this work is to understand the role of camel milk lactoferrin in immunomodulation and in disease treatment. It has been found that camel milk lactoferrin is a very suitable nutraceutical agent by virtue of its bioactivity, immuno-compatibility, and safety. It can be used for the treatment of infectious, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases, besides cancer. It is a cost-effective biomolecule that also has high relative abundance and bioavailability

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Research PaperStakeholder analysis may be used to identify and assess the priority, needs, goals, and requirements of key people (actors) that may significantly influence the success of agricultural research and extension programmes. Study was conducted to ascertain the stakeholders’ perception about issues, influences and priorities in pulses research and extension in the predominant pulse growing state of Uttar Pradesh, India. A sample of research personnel (37), extension functionaries (65), KVK specialists (30), agri-input dealers (25) and marketing personnel (10) was drawn from research & extension organizations, development departments and private sector operating in the state. Also, the pulse growers (225) representing rainfed and irrigated situations from the seven districts of Uttar Pradesh state were included in the study. For all the parameters of stakeholder analysis, there was perceptual significant convergence among the secondary stakeholders. However, the perceptual mismatch was noted between the pulse farmers and other stakeholders on the parameters of major issues in pulses development in the state.The relative impact of research, extension, input agencies, marketing and pulse farmers showed variation in their interest and influences for pulses development in the state. Based on the findings, mapping of stakeholders’ perception was done and stakeholders’ grid was developed wherein all the potential stakeholders in the state were placed and prioritized according to their interest and influence.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIn developing countries, the major role of agricultural extensions is to disseminate farm technologies developed by the public funded research organizations, through demonstrations, field visits and farmers’ meetings or through media and others. Earlier, the extension personnel were involved in technology diffusion, but in the last two decades, the nature of agricultural technology design and integration is drawing attention of the extension professionals and practitioners across the globe. In India, different models for transfer of farm technology have been tested and also robust extension education approaches have been validated. Furthermore, the frontline extension system of the country has been sharpened through more farmer-centric approaches for technology adaptation and dissemination. Globally too, the adjustment in public extension system is seen. Using China and USA as case studies, we highlight the changes the public extension system has undergone. The operational paradigm of the country’s extension system has been suggested to move beyond technology and beyond commodity through ensured reciprocal farmer-research-extension linkages.Not Availabl